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The ''Book of Fixed Stars'' ((アラビア語:كتاب صور الكواكب) ') is an astronomical text written by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Azophi) around 964.〔( or ''Book of the constellations, or fixed stars'' ) Library of Congress. World Digital Library.〕 The book was written in Arabic, although the author himself was Persian. It was an attempt to create a synthesis of the most popular classical work of astronomy – Ptolemy’s ''Almagest'' – with the indigenous Arabic astronomical tradition, or ''anwa''. The book was thoroughly illustrated along with observations and descriptions of the stars, their positions, their magnitudes (brightness) and their color. His results were set out constellation by constellation. For each constellation, he provided two drawings, one from the outside of a celestial globe, and the other from the inside. The work was highly influential and survives in numerous manuscripts and translations. The oldest manuscript, kept in the Bodleian Library, dates to 1009 and is the work of the author's son. There is a thirteenth-century copy in the British Library (Or. 5323). He has the earliest known descriptions and illustrations of what he called "a little cloud", which is actually the Andromeda Galaxy. He mentions it as lying before the mouth of a Big Fish, an Arabic constellation. This "cloud" was apparently commonly known to the Isfahan astronomers, very probably before 905. The first recorded mention of the Large Magellanic Cloud was also given in the ''Book of Fixed Stars''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/Bios/alsufi.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://messier.obspm.fr/xtra/ngc/lmc.html )〕 These were the first galaxies other than the Milky Way to be observed from Earth. The Great Andromeda Nebula he observed was also the first true nebula to be observed, as distinct from a star cluster. He probably also cataloged the Omicron Velorum star cluster as a "nebulous star", and an additional "nebulous object" in Vulpecula, a cluster now variously known as Al-Sufi's Cluster, the "Coathanger asterism", Brocchi's Cluster or Collinder 399.〔 Moreover, he mentions the Large Magellanic Cloud as Al-Bakr, the White Ox, of the southern Arabs as it is visible from Southern Arabia, although not from more northern latitudes. There has not been a published English translation of the book, though it was translated into French by Hans Schjellerup in 1874. As of March 2012, one is in preparation by Ihsan Hafez of James Cook University, Townsville. ==Editions== * ''Ketāb ṣowar al-kawākeb al-ṯābeta'', edited from five mss., and accompanied by the ''Orǰūza'' of Ebn al-Ṣūfī, Hyderabad, India, 1954 (introduction by H. J. J. Winter). * Facsimile edition of the Persian translation by Naṣīr-al-dīn Ṭūsī (Ayasofya 2595, autograph, from Uluḡ Beg’s library), Tehran, 1348 Š./1969. * Critical edition of Ṭūsī's translation by Sayyed Moʿezz-al-dīn Mahdavī, Tehran, 1351 Š./1972. * French translation in full, plus selected portions in Arabic, translated by H.C.F.C. Schjellerup from two mss., (''Description des étoiles fixes par Abd-al-Rahman al-Sûfi'' ), 290 pages, year 1874 (at AtlasCoelestis.com, 53 megabytes) (table of contents is on page 282). * Text and French translation of Ṣūfī's introduction by J. J. A. Caussin de Perceval in ''Notices et extraits des manuscrits'' XII, Paris, 1831, pp. 236f. * The star nomenclature of the Castilian version, and of an Italian translation made from Castilian, was critically edited by O. J. Tallgren, ''Los nombres árabes de las estrelas y la transcripción alfonsina,'' in ''Homenaje a R. Menéndez Pidal'' II, Madrid, 1925, with 'Correcciones y adiciones' in ''Revista de filología española'' 12, 1925, pp. 52f. * The Italian translation was edited by P. Knecht, ''I libri astronomici di Alfonso X in una versione fiorentina del trecento'', Saragossa, 1965. * '' Ketāb al-ʿamal bi’l-asṭorlāb'' in 386 chapters, ed. from a Paris ms., Hyderabad (Deccan), 1962; an English introduction, by E. S. Kennedy and M. Destombes, was printed separately (Hyderabad, 1967). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Book of Fixed Stars」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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